Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: Die Radiotherapie ist eine etablierte Methode zur Prävention heterotoper Ossifikationen.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Beurteilung der Effektivität der Radiotherapie bei Wechseloperationen.
Methode: An 143 Hüftgelenken wurde nach Wechseloperationen eine Einzelbestrahlung mit 7 Gy
in ventrodorsaler Gegenfeldbestrahlung in den ersten 4 postoperativen Tagen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Nach durchschnittlich 18 Monaten wurden 107 Hüftgelenke hinsichtlich der Ossifikationen
radiologisch beurteilt. Im Vergleich zum unmittelbar postoperativen Ausgangsbefund,
wo 26 % (n = 28) der Patienten keine heterotopen Ossifikationen, 66 % (n = 71) Brooker
I, 5 % (n = 5) Brooker II und 3 % (n = 3) Brooker III zeigten, waren bei der letzten
Nachuntersuchung in 19 % (n = 20) keine Ossifikationen, in 66 % (n = 71) Brooker I
und in jeweils 7,5 % (n = 8) Brooker II und III zu sehen. Es kam zu einem Neuauftreten
bzw. zu einer Zunahme von Ossifikationen von einem Grad in 12 % (13 Patienten) und
von zwei Graden in 4 % (4 Patienten). Stadium 0 wies eine signifikant höhere Zunahme
auf (p < 0,01). Das Geschlecht (p = 0,43), die Art der Wechseloperation (p = 0,36),
der Bestrahlungstag (1. Tag gegen 2. - 4. Tag; p = 0,46) hatten keinen signifikanten
Einfluss auf die Zunahme der Stadien. Es besteht keine Korrelation zwischen dem Schmerzscore
und den Brooker-Stadien (p = 0,76). Zwischen den Brooker-Stadien und der Flexion ist
eine signifikant (p < 0,01) negative Korrelation (r = - 0,31) vorhanden. Schlussfolgerung: Die 7-Gy-Einzelbestrahlung verhindert effektiv das Neuauftreten bzw. die Progredinez
heterotoper Ossifikationen auch bei Wechseloperationen. Die Entfernung vorhandener
Ossifikationen ist Voraussetzung um Bewegungseinschränkungen nach Wechseloperationen
durch Ossifikationen zu vermeiden.
Abstract
Aim of study: Radiation therapy is an established method for the prevention of heterotopic ossification.
The aim of this study was to assess whether radiation therapy is also effective in
revision arthroplasties. Method: 143 hips were irradiated with 7 Gy anterior-posterior applied single dose radiation,
on one of the first four days after revision surgery. Results: After an average follow-up of 18 months, 107 hips were evaluated radiographically
using Brooker's criteria. In comparison to the immediate postoperative findings (26
% showed no heterotopic ossification, 66 % had Brooker I, 5 % Brooker II, and 3 %
Brooker III), at final follow-up 19 % showed no heterotopic ossification, 66 % had
Brooker I, and 7.5 % Brooker II and III. New ossification or an increase of one grade
was found in 12 %, of two grades in 4 %. Grade 0 showed significantly more ossifications.
Gender (p = 0.43), age (p = 0.43), the type of revision surgery (p = 0.36), the day
of radiation (1st day vs. 2nd, 3rd, 4th day; p = 0.46) had no significant influence
on this increase. There was no correlation between pain score and Brooker grades (p
= 0.755). There was a significantly (p < 0.01) negative correlation (r = - 0.31) between
the Brooker grades and flexion. Conclusion: Radiation therapy with 7 Gy single dose effectively prevents the new formation of
heterotopic ossification or the progression of ossifications after revision surgery.
To prevent a decrease in the range of motion due to HO after revision surgery, HO
should be removed intraoperatively.
Schlüsselwörter
Strahlentherapie - 7 Gy Einzelbestrahlung - Hüftrevisionen - Heterotope Ossifikationen
Key words
7 Gy single-dose radiation therapy - Revision hip arthroplasty - Heterotopic ossification
Literatur
1
Arcq M.
Die periartikulären Ossifikationen - eine Komplikation der Totalendoprothese des Hüftgelenkes.
Arch Orthop Unfall-Chir.
1973;
77
108-131
2
Ayers D C, Evarts C M, Parkinson J R.
The prevention of heterotopic ossification in high risk patients by low-dose radiation
therapy after total hip arthroplasty.
J Bone Joint Surg (Am).
1986;
68-A
1423-1430
3
Blount L H, Thomas B J, Tran L, Selch M, Sylvester J, Parker R G.
Postoperative irradiation for the prevention of heterotopic bone: analysis of different
dose schedules and shielding considerations.
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys.
1990;
19
577-581
4
Bremen-Kühne R, v. Stock D, Franke C.
Indomethacin vs. einzeitige Low-Dose-Radiatio zur Prophylaxe periartikulärer Ossifikationen
(PAO) nach Hüft-TEP.
Z Orthop.
1997;
135
422-429
5
Brooker A F, Bowerman J W, Robinson R A.
Ectopic ossification following total hip replacement: incidence and an method of classification.
J Bone Joint Surg (Am).
1973;
55-A
1629-1932
6
Brückl R, Frey M.
Prophylaxe paraartikulärer Ossifikationen durch Strahlentherapie nach zementloser
Hüft-TEP Implantation.
Z Orthop.
1997;
135
430-433
7
Buis B, Spiro I.
Post-irradiation sarcoma: history, outcome and determinants of outcome.
Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys.
1998;
42
(1)
193
8
Coventry M B, Scanlon P W.
The use of radiation to discourage ectopic bone. A nine-year study in surgery about
the hip.
J Bone Joint Surg (Am).
1981;
63-A
201-208
9
Craven P L, Urist M R.
Osteogenesis by radioisotope labelled cell population in implants of bone matrix under
the influence of ionizizing radiation.
Clin Orthop.
1971;
76
231-243
10
Fingeroth R J, Ahmed A Q.
Single dose 6 Gy prophylaxis for heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty.
Clin Orthop.
1995;
317
131-140
11
Garland D E.
Clinical perspective on common forms of aquired heterotopic ossification.
Clin Orthop.
1991;
263
13-29
12
Gregoritsch S J, Chadha M, Pelligrini V, Rubin P, Kantorowitz D.
Randomized trial comparing preoperative versus postoperative irridation for prevention
of heterotopic ossification following prosthetic total hip replacement: preliminary
report.
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys.
1994;
30
55-62
13
Harris W H.
Traumatic arthritis of the hip after dislocation and acetabular fractures: treatment
by mold arthroplasty - an end-result study using a new method of result evaluation.
J Bone Joint Surg (Am).
1969;
51-A
737-755
14
Healy W L, Lo T C, DeSimone A A, Rask B, Pfeifer B A.
Single-dose irradiation for the prevention of heterotopic ossification after hip arthroplasty.
A comparison of doses of five hundred and fifty and sevenhundred centigray.
J Bone Joint Surg (Am).
1995;
77-A
590-595
15
Hedley A K, Mead L P, Hendren D G.
The prevention of heterotopic bone formation following total hip arthroplasty using
600 rad in a single dose.
J Arthroplasty.
1989;
4
319-325
16
Kantorowitz D A, Miller G, Ferrara J A, Ibbott G, Fisher R, Ahrens C R.
Preoperative versus postoperative irradiation in the prophylaxis of heterotopic bone
formation in rats.
Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys.
1990;
19
1431-1438
17
Kienapfel H, Koller M, Wüst A, Sprey C, Merte H, Engelhart-Cabillic R, Griss P.
Prevention of heterotopic bone formation after total hip arthroplasty: a prospective
randomised study comparing postoperative radiation therapy with indomethacin medication.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.
1999;
119
296-302
18
Kim J H, Chu F C, Woodard H Q, Melamed M R, Huvos A, Cantin J.
Radiation-induced soft tissue and bone sarcoma.
Radiology.
1978;
129
501-508
19
Kölbl O, Flentje M, Eulert J, Barthel T, Knelles D, Kraus U.
Prospektive Studie zur Vermeidung heterotoper Ossifikationen nach Hüftgelenksersatz.
Nichtsteroidales Antirheumatikum versus Strahlentherapie.
Strahlenther Onkol.
1997;
173
667-682
20
Konski A, Weiss C, Rosier R, Poulter C, Pelligrini V, Anthony P, Evarts C M, Richardson M,
Henzler M, Rubin P.
The use of postoperative irradiation for the prevention of heterotopic bone after
total hip replacement with biologic fixation (porous coated) prosthesis: an animal
model.
Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys.
1990;
18
861-865
21
MacLennan I, Keys H M, Evarts C M, Rubin P.
Usefulness of postoperative hip irradiation in the prevention of heterotopic formation
in a hip risk group of patiens.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.
1984;
10
49-53
22
Pellegrini V D, Konski A A, Gastel J A, Rubin P, Evarts C M.
Prevention of heterotopic ossification with irradiation after total hip arthroplasty.
Radiation therapy with a single dose of eight hundred centigray administered limited
field.
J Bone Joint Surg (Am).
1992;
74-A
186-200
23
Pelligrini V P.
Radiation prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification.
Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys.
1994;
30
743-744
24
Sauer R, Seegenschmiedt M H, Goldmann A, Beck H, Andreas P.
Prophylaxe periartikulärer Verknöcherungen nach endoprothetischem Hüftgelenkersatz
durch postoperative Bestrahlung.
Strahlenther Onkol.
1992;
168
89-99
25
Schai P, Brunner R, Morscher E, Schubert K H.
Prevention of heterotopic ossification in hip arthroplasties by means of an early
single-dose radiotherapy (6 Gy).
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.
1995;
114
153-158
26
Schneider D J, Moulton M JR, Singapuri K, Chinchili V, Deol G S, Krenitsky G, Pellegrini V.
Inhibition of heterotopic ossification with radiation therapy in an animal model.
Clin Orthop.
1998;
355
35-46
27
Seegenschmidt M HK, Keilholz L, Martus P, Goldmann A, Wolfl R, Henning F, Sauer R.
Prevention of heterotopic ossification about the hip: final results of two randomized
trials in 410 patients using either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.
1997;
39
161-171
28
Sell S, Jany R, Kremling E, Esenwein S, Gaissmaier C, Küsswetter W.
Prävention heterotoper Ossifikationen nach zementfreiem Hüftgelenkersatz durch fraktionierte
Radiatio mit 5 × 2 Gy. Eine prospektive Studie.
Z Orthop .
1996;
134
375-380
29
Wiklund T A, Blomqvist C P, Raty J, Elomaa I, Rissanen P, Mittinen M.
Postirradiation sarcoma. Analysis of a nationwide cancer registry material.
Cancer.
1991;
68
524-531
30
Wise M W, Robertson J D, Lachiewicz, Thrall M, Metcalf M.
The effect of radiation therapy on the fixation strength of an experimental porous
coated implant in dogs.
Clin Orthop.
1990;
261
276-280
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Harald Effenberger
Rossmarkt 25
4710 Grieskirchen
Österreich
Email: Effenberger@implantat-atlas.com